Turning as a process : Turning process refers to turning the workpiece by a lathe spindle. The lathe spindle is driven by its motor and gearbox to achieve the desire power, torque, and speed, it also holds the workpiece tight by some holding devices, so when the spindle rotates, it spins the workpiece too. While the workpiece is spinning, a cutting tool is fed to contact the surface of it to perform the cutting of its end face, inner diameters, outer diameters, threads, etc. So the workpiece is turning while the cuttings tools are moving along the linear axis to cut the components to its desired shape, dimensions, and surface finish quality.